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The Demographics and Interests reports in Google Analytics require the activation of advertising features because they provide insights into the age, gender, and interests of the users interacting with a website or app. This data is gathered through the use of Google advertising cookies, which collect information about users to enhance advertising targeting and measurement.

Enabling advertising features allows Google Analytics to access and analyze data that is linked to user profiles for a more detailed understanding of audience segments. This means that without activating these features, access to rich demographic and interest-based segmentation would not be available, limiting the analysis of user behavior and engagement on the site.

In contrast, Geo reports, Cohort Analysis reports, and Real-time reports do not rely on advertising features for their functionality. Geo reports focus on the geographic locations of users based on IP addresses, Cohort Analysis examines user behavior over time based on shared characteristics, and Real-time reports provide instant insights into current user activity on the site, none of which necessitate advertising feature activation.